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Stacking the Deck – promoting
arguments that favor only one side while rejecting (or avoiding the mention
of) arguments for another point of view.
Gamblers “stack the deck” in their favor by
pre-arranging their cards to ensure their victories. People do this
by evading any mention of any arguments or evidence contrary to their position.
EXAMPLE
The stereotypical “used car salesmen” stack the deck by raving about a car’s reliability, but after you decide to buy the car they may turn around and try to sell you the extended warranty — in case the car breaks down! (This also employs the slippery slope fallacy here.)
Notice that these salesmen would make fewer sales if they also shared with you everything that they knew that was wrong with the vehicle. Imagine all the water cooler gossip that the salesmen hear from the mechanics or in company memos about potential recalls or safety issues. Instead, they will keep their fingers crossed behind their backs, keeping his poker face until you drive off with your new car ... and the warranty too!
EXAMPLE
A child says: “OK, let’s flip a coin for it. Ready? Heads – I win; tails – you lose!”
Well, every younger sibling probably fell victim to this age-old trick (or one like it). By the time you figured out that the terms to which you have just agreed have guaranteed your loss, the trickster’s coin has probably already landed, bearing the obvious outcome. Of course, this tactic is a trick, and therefore invalid.
I recall playing a board game with my father when I was a boy. The game was called Sorry! and it is a game where players move game pieces totally depending on the cards they draw. The game, therefore, is entirely determined by luck. Still, when my dad walked out of the room to answer a phone call, I cleverly rearranged the cards so that my pieces would leap forward by 10 or 12 squares, while his cards repeatedly forced him backwards. When he returned to the game, he was first baffled by my good fortune, but caught on to the joke by his third turn. He knew that I had “stacked the deck” … then informed me that I had just lost the game for cheating.